Informational inefficiency on bitcoin futures

This paper investigates the dynamics and drivers of informational inefficiency in the Bitcoin futures market. To quantify the adaptive pattern of informational inefficiency, we leverage two groups of statistics which measure long memory and fractal dimension to construct a global-local market inefficiency index. Our findings validate the adaptive market hypothesis, and the global and local inefficiency exhibits different patterns and contributions. Regarding the driving factors of the time-varying inefficiency, our results suggest that trading activity of retailers (hedgers) increases (decreases) informational inefficiency. Compared to hedgers and retailers, the role played by speculators is more likely to be affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Extremely bullish and bearish investor sentiment has more significant impact on the local inefficiency. Arbitrage potential, funding liquidity, and the pandemic exert impacts on the global and local inefficiency differently. No significant evidence is found for market liquidity and policy uncertainty related to cryptocurrency.

Measuring cognitive enhancement through pharmacology and sleep intervention

Cognitive enhancement (CE) is the pursuit of enhancing and increasing the core mental capacity above the normal level. With the advancement of science and technology, many different approaches to carry out enhancement are available. The use of psychostimulants as the choice of cognitive enhancer is rapidly growing. Although anecdotal and subjective evidences claim that these drugs work however, empirical evidences from studies in healthy adults show inconclusive evidences. One reason could be that these studies did not consider sleep as an important factor mediating the effect of stimulants on brain activities. My study 1 investigates the role of sleep in stimulant mediated CE. Along with sleep, there are other factors which are important when investigating the stimulants' effect of CE such as dosage, type of cognitive tasks, individual variability and bias of stimulant drugs toward certain cognitive domain. My study 2 investigates the evidences of bias by stimulants towards specific cognitive domain/s. Stimulants are addictive and comes with many side effects that may cause long term health issues. In my study 3, I investigated CE through targeted memory reactivation (TMR) which exploits the natural process of memory formation and strengthening during sleep with sensory stimulation to manipulate the memory strength. Specifically, in study 3 I developed a homebased- TMR protocol to selectively bias the weak and strong memories. This protocol was designed to carry out the study amidst the COVID pandemic lockdown. I developed a brand-new spatial memory cognitive task for remote online participation. The TMR intervention protocol is suitable for real world and naturalist setting without the participants having to come to the lab. This new homebased-TMR protocol shows some promising results. With future improvement and refinement, it could be turned into fully automated unsupervised TMR system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Potential Anti-Amnesic Activity of a Novel Multimodal Derivative of Salicylamide, JJGW08, in Mice.

Memory impairments constitute a significant problem worldwide, and the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically increased the prevalence of cognitive deficits. Patients with cognitive deficits, specifically memory disturbances, have underlying comorbid conditions such as schizophrenia, anxiety, or depression. Moreover, the available treatment options have unsatisfactory effectiveness. Therefore, there is a need to search for novel procognitive and anti-amnesic drugs with additional pharmacological activity. One of the important therapeutic targets involved in the modulation of learning and memory processes are serotonin receptors, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7, which also play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the anti-amnesic and antidepressant-like potential of JJGW08, a novel arylpiperazine alkyl derivative of salicylamide with strong antagonistic properties at 5-HT1A and D2 receptors and weak at 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors in rodents. First, we investigated the compound's affinity for 5-HT6 receptors using the radioligand assays. Next, we assessed the influence of the compound on long-term emotional and recognition memory. Further, we evaluated whether the compound could protect against MK-801-induced cognitive impairments. Finally, we determined the potential antidepressant-like activity of the tested compound. We found that JJGW08 possessed no affinity for 5-HT6 receptors. Furthermore, JJGW08 protected mice against MK-801-induced recognition and emotional memory deficits but showed no antidepressant-like effects in rodents. Therefore, our preliminary study may suggest that blocking serotonin receptors, especially 5-HT1A and 5-HT7, might be beneficial in treating cognitive impairments, but it requires further investigation.

Attention and memory after COVID-19 as measured by neuropsychological tests: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

COVID-19 is associated with a range of sequelae, including cognitive dysfunctions as long-standing symptoms. Considering that the number of people infected worldwide keeps growing, it is important to understand specific domains of impairments to further organize appropriate rehabilitation procedures. In this study we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate specific cognitive functions impacted by COVID-19. A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Academic Search Premier, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and preprint databases (OSF and PsyArXiv via OSF Preprints, medRxiv, bioRxiv, Research Square). We included the studies that compared cognitive functioning in COVID-19 reconvalescents and healthy controls, and used at least one validated neuropsychological test. Our findings show that short-term memory in the verbal domain, and possibly, visual short-term memory and attention, are at risk in COVID-19 reconvalescents. The impact of COVID-19 on cognitive functioning has yet to be studied in detail. In the future more controlled studies with validated computerized tests might help deepen our understanding of the issue. PSYCINFO CLASSIFICATION: 3360 Health Psychology & Medicine.

COVID-19 Infection Forecasting using LSTM-based Model

COVID-19 has now become one of the most severe and acute diseases worldwide. Novel Coronavirus transmission is characterized by its high speed and large social population base, making novel Coronavirus detection very difficult. Therefore, automatic detection systems should be implemented as an option for rapid diagnosis. Automated disease detection frameworks help physicians diagnose diseases with accurate, consistent, and rapid results, and reduce ethics. In this paper, we propose a deep learning method based on long-term Memory (LSTM) for automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 in combination with the existing prediction model SEIR. © 2022 SPIE.

Creating Accessible Infographics: Describing Scientific Data in Ways Everyone Can Understand

The COVID-19 pandemic has thrust scientific literature into the global spotlight this year, as information about the virus, how to keep safe, and how to get vaccinated has been continually updated at a rapid pace. Much of this information is being conveyed through infographics. This has resulted in an abundance of easy-to-grasp information for sighted people with no learning disabilities, but this positive impact has not been extended to people with visual or learning disabilities. In effect, these infographics often serve to further marginalize individuals with disabilities. Consistent methods for writing descriptions of images should be developed and implemented by first looking at how information moves from working memory to long-term memory, and then examining how cognitive fatigue can inhibit understanding of complex images and scientific information vital to individuals with disabilities. Considering how best to describe scientific images with concise alternative text and in plain language will have clear and immediate benefits for the health and well-being of those with print-related disabilities.

PREDICTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COVID-19 CASE IN INDONESIA BASED ON GOOGLE TREND ANALYSIS

The global outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has recently hit many countries around the world. Indonesia is one of the 10 most affected countries. Search engines such as Google provide data on search activity in a population, and this data may be useful for analyzing epidemics. Leveraging data mining methods on electronic resource data can provide better insights into the COVID-19 outbreak to manage health crises in every country and around the world. This study aims to predict the incidence of COVID-19 by utilizing data from the Covid 19 Task Force and the Google Trends website. Linear regression and long-term memory (LSTM) models were used to estimate the number of positive COVID-19 cases. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Eduvest: Journal Of Universal Studies is the property of Green Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Dynamic efficiency of China's commodity futures market through the lens of high frequency data

In this paper, we use the permutation entropy algorithm to derive the static and dynamic permutation entropy of commodity futures, and to evaluate the effectiveness of main products in China's commodity futures market. The intraday data of six varieties belonging to six categories in China's commodity futures market are taken as samples. We find the following: (1) The return distribution of the main varieties shows high peaks, fat tails and asymmetry, and follows the biased random walk distribution characteristics;(2) The permutation entropy of all varieties decreases significantly in the same time window, during which the price volatility of major commodity markets rises. And the time window coincides with the impact time of COVID-19 epidemic;(3) By comparing the distribution of permutation entropy of main varieties in different stages of event shock, we found that the mean value of permutation entropy decreases significantly during the process of event shock, and the price fluctuates greatly. Therefore, the significant decrease of permutation entropy is a valuable warning signal for regulators and investors.

LONG-TERM IMMUNOGENICITY and EFFECTIVENESS of CD40-TARGETING VACCINATION in COVID-19

Background: Following natural infection or vaccination, the generation of stem cell-like memory T (Tscm) cells is essential for long-term protective immunity to the virus. Tscm cells have the capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. In SARS-CoV2 infection, the emergence of CD8+ Tscm cells is correlated with the number of symptom-free days. The development of a COVID-19 vaccine able to generate CD8+ Tscm cells is of the utmost importance since the emergence of SARS-CoV2 variants of concerns requires maintaining strong and long-lasting immune responses, 2) as an efficient alternative in immunocompromised people who have difficulties raising humoral immune responses. Methods: We have developed a new Dendritic Cell-based vaccine composed of a humanized αCD40 monoclonal antibody fused to the RBD protein in its C-terminal Fc-domains and three T cell epitopes spanning sequences from S and N proteins in its light chains (αCD40-CoV2). Previous studies have shown that this platform elicited durable and robust T-and B-cell responses and is currently in phase I clinical development in HIV. We tested the capacity of two injections of the vaccine (10υg, i.p) given with or without poly(IC) (50υg, i.p) at 3 weeks apart to i) elicit human (hu) B-, and huT-cell responses in NSG mice reconstituted with a Human Immune System (HIS mice), ii) protect against SARS-CoV2 infection in the hCD40xK18hACE2 transgenic mice. Results: We performed AIM assays and intracellular staining on spleen cells of HIS mice stimulated with overlapping peptide pools spanning the sequences of vaccine antigens. We found that both non-adjuvanted and adjuvanted vaccine efficiently induced SARS-CoV2-specific Th1 huCD4+ and huCD8+ T cells in all vaccinees compared to mock animals. SARS-CoV2-specific huCD4+ T cells were polyfunctional. We confirmed the presence of RBD-specific huCD8+ T cells in the vaccinated animals using HLA-I tetramers. A significant proportion of the multimer+ huCD8+ T cells were Tscm (CD45RA+ CD62L+ CD95+) cells in both vaccinated groups. Besides, we detected significant amounts of spike-IgG+ switched huB cells in all vaccinees. In SARS-CoV2 challenge experiments, we further showed that both vaccination settings significantly protected animals with a survival rate of 100%. Conclusion: We demonstrate that the targeting of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes to CD40 induces significant B and T cells with a long-term memory phenotype in HIS mice and the ability of the vaccine to ensure complete protection against SARS-CoV2 infection.

Long-Term, CD4+ Memory T Cell Response to SARS-CoV-2.

The first cases of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported by Chinese authorities at the end of 2019. The disease spread quickly and was declared a global pandemic shortly thereafter. To respond effectively to infection and prevent viral spread, it is important to delineate the factors that affect protective immunity. Herein, a cohort of convalescent healthcare workers was recruited and their immune responses were studied over a period of 3 to 9 months following the onset of symptoms. A cross-reactive T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses, i.e., OC43 and NL63, was demonstrated in the infected, convalescent cohort, as well as a cohort composed of unexposed individuals. The convalescent cohort, however, displayed an increased number of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells relative to the unexposed group. Moreover, unlike humoral immunity and quickly decreasing antibody titers, T cell immunity in convalescent individuals was maintained and stable throughout the study period. This study also suggests that, based on the higher CD4 T cell memory response against nucleocapsid antigen, future vaccine designs may include nucleocapsid as an additional antigen along with the spike protein.

The Viability of Blended Model in Undergraduate Medical Education in COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: With the new era of life threatening variants of Covid-19 the medical and dental education has been greatly compromised. Every school/college has to shift their educational setup to Blended model. Blended model can also be called as hybrid approach of learning or mixed mode of learning. It is an "insightful combination of Face to Face and Online opportunities for growth". Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the viability of Blended Model through series of assessments by measuring the retention of the content after the teaching session in online and in face to face settings in Knowledge acquisition and knowledge retention test. Material & Method Methodology: This was a Quantitative Experimental study which was conducted in the Fatima Memorial college of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore. The participants were 66 of final year BDS students who voluntarily participated in the research project. Results: A total of 96 students participated in the study and it was found a significant difference between the two intervention groups regarding the mean scores of Knowledge acquisition and knowledge retention test. The PowerPoint group showed lower grades in Knowledge acquisition and knowledge retention test in comparison with Prezi group. The learning performances was evaluated from immediate learning responses in Knowledge acquisition and in long term learning retention in knowledge retention test showed that both the presentation software can be used as a presentation medium and students do learn from both but Prezi presentation software students are superior in learning performances from immediate learning to long term memory retention as compared to PowerPoint presentation software in online and in face to face settings. Conclusion: Blended model can help the medical teachers to teach the theoretical aspects of the curriculum via online and make easy schedules of student's rotations for clinical clerkships. When it comes to clinical training, there is no shortcut or better way than face to face teaching strategy. Therefore blended learning is a viable method of teaching in this period of Covid-19.

P.0504 Cognitive impairment in in-patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Objective. COVID-19 is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease, and we are seeing more and more disorders of the nervous system, one of which is cognitive impairment, which has a significant negative impact on mental health, social maladaptation, quality of life [1]. Mental health disorders are closely related to COVID-19 at the biological, psychological, and social levels, and they are receiving more and more attention now [2]. Mental disorders may be the manifestations or complications of acute COVID-19, such as acute psychotic disorders, cognitive impairment, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, depression, and suicide attempts [2]. The study of cognitive impairment in patients with COVID-19 is the basis of neuropsychological rehabilitation for those who need it. It is important to urgently minimize the potential negative impact on cognitive and psychosocial functions and quality of life of patients with COVID-19 [3]. Methods. Cognitive function was examined using the MOCA test in 60 patients with COVID-19 viral pneumonia as part of psychiatric screening on admission to the hospital. The study group of patients was represented by 34 (57%) men and 26 (43%) women. The age of patients ranged from 35 to 81 years (mean age was 62.4 years). 55 patients (92%) from the study group denied the presence of any organic or other mental disorders. 2 patients (3%) reported a previously diagnosed depressive disorder, 1 patient (2%) reported a bipolar disorder, and 2 patients (3%) reported an anxiety disorder. Results. 95% of inpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia had cognitive impairment of varying severity. Severe cognitive impairment was in 30% cases, in 47% - moderate -, in 18% - isolated, mild cognitive impairment, in 5% - no impairment. Data analysis shows both the presence of general cognitive dysfunction in patients with viral pneumonia COVID -19, and a more noticeable violation of its separate components: visual-spatial, executive functions, thinking, attention, slow reproduction (long-term memory) (p <0.01).The most noticeable were violations during the performance of tasks on visual-spatial, executive functions (2.25), thinking (1.1), slow reproduction (long memory) (1, 7), attention (4.8,) (p <0.01). It should be noted that almost all patients had no violation of recognition (3), orientation (5.8), and sequential subtraction (2.4) (p <0.01). Conclusions. A study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia revealed cognitive impairment of varying severity. In addition, the largest violations of individual components were identified, such as visual-spatial, executive functions, thinking, attention, slow reproduction (long-term memory). Recognition, orientation, and sequential subtraction are almost intact. The dynamics of disorders of individual components of cognitive functions, such as recognition, orientation, sequential subtraction, differs significantly from dementia. In the acute period of COVID-19 disease, studies of cognitive function have been performed, which may indicate that cognitive impairment may have reversible consequences. Identified cognitive impairments were taken into account when drawing up individual plans for neuropsychological rehabilitation. No conflict of interest